Fahd ibn Abdul Aziz Al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, was born in 1920, 1921 or 1923 in Riyadh. His father is Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud, founder of modern Saudi Arabia, and his mother is Hassa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi. Fahd played an active role in the government from a young age. Between 1953 and 1962, he served as Minister of Education, and from 1962 he held the position of Minister of the Interior1. In 1975, when King Khalid ibn Abdul-Aziz ascended the throne, Fahd was named heir to the throne. In 1979, with the death of Khalid, Fahd ascended the throne. During his reign, significant development took place in Saudi Arabia, mainly in the field of economic and infrastructural development of the country. The increase in oil revenues played a fundamental role in this process. In 1990, Fahd directed Saudi Arabia's participation in the UN-sponsored military intervention in response to the Iraqi occupation. In 1995, he suffered a serious stroke, after which he was no longer able to fully perform his official duties. Until his death, his son Abdullah ibn Abdul-Aziz temporarily assumed power. Fahd died on 1 August 2005 and was succeeded on the throne by his son Abdullah.

During the reign of King Fahd ibn Abdul-Aziz, between 1982 and 2005, Saudi Arabia began minting the country's first modern coins. The coins were based on a decimal system, with 1 riyal divided into 100 halals. The coins were minted from copper, nickel and silver. The front of the coins featured the portrait of King Fahd, and the reverse featured the coat of arms of Saudi Arabia. The coins were minted by the Royal Saudi Arabian Mint. 1982 coins: 1 halala (copper), 5 halala (copper-nickel), 10 halala (copper-nickel), 25 halala (nickel), 50 halala (nickel), 1 riyal (silver).1990 coins: 1 halala (aluminium), 5 halala (copper-nickel), 10 halala (copper-nickel), 25 halala (nickel), 50 halala (nickel), 1 riyal (nickel).2000 2005 coins: 1 halala (aluminium), 5 halala (copper-nickel), 10 halala (copper-nickel), 25 halala (nickel), 50 halala (nickel), 1 riyal (nickel). 2005 coins: 1 halala (aluminum), 5 halala (copper-nickel), 10 halala (copper-nickel), 25 halala (nickel), 50 halala (nickel), 1 riyal (nickel). A number of commemorative coins were minted during the reign of King Fahd. These coins commemorate various events and anniversaries, such as the 1986 FIFA World Cup and the 1990 Gulf War.