IX. The pontificate of Pope Pius (born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti) (1846-1878) was an extremely eventful and significant period in the history of the Catholic Church and the Vatican. During his reign, the church faced many challenges, including the rise of Italy struggling for national unity, the spread of liberal ideas, and the storm of political changes. IX. Pius seemed quite liberal at first. After his election, he announced an amnesty for political prisoners and promised reforms in the administration of the ecclesiastical state. However, the waves of revolutions in 1848, which also shook Italy, significantly influenced his views and politics. The Pope initially issued a constitution that opened the way to a parliamentary system, but when pressure from Italian nationalists wanted to involve him in war against Austria, he rejected it. The Pope's decision sparked an uprising in Rome. The Pope was taken prisoner and forced to flee to Gaeta. Thanks to the French interventions, he was able to return to Rome, but the experiences left a deep mark on him. Instead of the previous liberal aspirations, he pursued a more conservative policy and forged closer relations with the Catholic conservatives. In the 1860s, the unification of Italy continued and the papal state was reduced to an ever smaller territory. In 1870, Rome also fell into Italian hands, and the Pope returned to the Vatican. After that, the Pope became a "prisoner in the Vatican" and did not recognize the new Italian state. This so-called "Roman question" defined the relationship between the Vatican and Italy for decades.

IX. The pontificate of Pope Pius was the longest in the history of the papacy, lasting from 1846 to 1878. During his reign, the Papal States underwent significant changes, including the revolutions of 1848 and the unification of Italy in 1861. .IX. The coins minted by Pope Pius were varied and reflected the events of his reign. His early coins featured the traditional portrait of the Pope on the obverse and the coat of arms of the Papal States on the reverse. His later coins often featured historical events or religious figures.IX. Among the most famous coins minted by Pope Pius is the scudo minted in 1848. This coin was minted to commemorate the revolutions of 1848 and features a portrait of the Pope on the obverse and an allegory of Liberty on the reverse. .Another notable coin, which IX. Coin of Pope Piusz, minted in 1869 for 100 bajok. This coin commemorates the Vatican Council and features a portrait of the Pope on the obverse and a scene depicting the council on the reverse.IX. Coins minted by Pope Pius are important historical documents that provide insight into his reign and the 19th century history of the Papal State.