XII. Pope Pius, originally Eugenio Pacelli, was born on March 2, 1876 in Rome. He was the head of the Catholic Church from 1939 to 1958. The XX. was one of the most controversial church leaders of the 20th century. His pontificate fell during the period of the Second World War and the Cold War, which presented extraordinary challenges to the Church and the world. Pacelli was elected Pope in 1939, a few months before the outbreak of the Second World War. In the first years of his pontificate, the archbishop had to face the spread of Nazism and fascism, as well as the persecution of Jews. XII. Pope Pius tried to maintain the Vatican's neutrality during the war. However, this policy was criticized by many because the Pope did not raise a louder protest against the Nazi persecution of the Jews. At the same time, the Pope organized many humanitarian actions to help the victims of the war. The Vatican gave shelter to the persecuted, and the Pope called on Catholics to help those in need. After the war, the world plunged into the Cold War. XII. Pope Pius tried to mediate between the two great powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, and called on the nations to live together peacefully. The Pope initiated processes aimed at the renewal of the Church. He supported missionary activity and encouraged the faithful to fight for social justice. The Pope strongly condemned Communism, which he considered the greatest enemy of the Church.

XII. During the reign of Pope Pius (1939–1958), the Vatican issued many different coins. These coins included: Denarius - The denarius was the smallest denomination of the Vatican. it was minted from silver and bore the portraits of St. Peter and St. Paul.Liretta - The liretta was the most common denomination in the Vatican. minted from silver, and XII. It bore the portrait of Pope Piusz. Vatican gold - Vatican gold was the largest denomination of the Vatican. minted from gold, and XII. It bore the portrait of Pope Piusz. In addition to these coins, the Vatican also issued commemorative coins. special events, such as XII. The accession of Pope Pius and the proclamation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. 1939 Holy Year of Saints Peter and Paul - This coin was issued to commemorate the holy year of the apostles Saints Peter and Paul. The coin is decorated with the image of the apostles St. Peter and St. Paul..XII. Among the coins minted during the papacy of Piusz, the most famous is the Holy Year medal issued in 1950. This coin was minted in honor of the 1950 Holy Year and featured the coat of arms of the Vatican on the reverse. The medal is made of silver and gold. 1958 XII. Death of Pope Pius - This coin was minted by XII. Issued to commemorate the death of Pope Pius. The coin XII. Decorated with the portrait of Pope Piusz.. XII. Coins minted during the reign of Pope Pius are an important part of the history of the Catholic Church and the Vatican.