Honorius

Reign
Holy Roman Empire (393 – 395)
Description

Flavius Honorius, often just Honorius, was born in Constantinople on 9 September 384 and died in Ravenna on 15 August 423. Honorius I was the younger, second-born son of Theodosius. He was the first emperor of the western half of the divided Roman Empire, and his reign was one of the most catastrophic periods in the history of ancient Rome. During his rule of more than a quarter of a century, the fate of the empire was seriously shaken: foreign armies occupied Rome, Britannia it essentially broke away from the empire, and the half-century agony of the militarily and economically collapsed Western Roman Empire began. However, Honorius' origin and reign were not only tragic, but also historically significant, as he was the first emperor who ruled exclusively the western part of the empire, while his brother Arcadius became the emperor of the eastern empire. In the first 13 years of his reign, the power was actually held by the magister militum ( army commander-in-chief), practiced by Stilicho of Vandal origin, who was appointed by Theodosius as his son's protector. Although Stilicho was a talented general who defended the empire for more than a decade, his excessive influence caused the deterioration of the relationship between the two parts of the empire, because in the eastern imperial court, the minions controlling Arcadius (ministers Rufinus and Eutropius, Gothic general Gainas and empress Aelia Eudoxia) frowned upon him. they watched the efforts of the warlord of barbarian origin and huge wealth, who wanted to assert his influence here as well. To strengthen his position, Stilicho gave his own daughter, Maria, to the young emperor as a wife.

Minting information

During the reign of Honorius (393-423), the Roman Empire faced a severe economic and political crisis. The barbarian invasions, civil wars and epidemics destroyed the empire, which significantly affected the coinage as well. Gold coins were rarely minted during the reign of Honorius. The fineness of the Solidi and Semisses type gold coins gradually deteriorated, indicating a decrease in the gold content. This was probably a consequence of economic difficulties. Silver coins remained among the most common types of money during the reign of Honorius. The fineness of Denarii and Miliarense type silver coins also deteriorated, but less drastically than in the case of gold coins. Bronze coins were among the lowest value types of money. The fineness of the Folles and Asses types of bronze coins also deteriorated during the reign of Honorius. The fineness of the coins fluctuated significantly during the reign of Honorius. This was a consequence of economic difficulties and a shortage of precious metals. During the reign of Honorius, many different types of coins were minted. This reflects the economic and political diversity prevailing in the empire. Honorius' coins often carried propagandistic messages. These messages sought to strengthen the emperor's power and legitimacy. Honorius' coinage is a reflection of the decline of the Roman Empire. The deterioration of the fineness of the coins and the variety of different types indicate economic difficulties and political instability. At the same time, the coins of Honorius also provide insight into the emperor's propagandistic efforts. The concept of the German Roman Empire was anachronistic during the reign of Honorius. The empire in this period was often called the Western Roman Empire. The fineness of the coins indicates the proportion of precious metal in the coin. Higher fineness coins contain more precious metals.