Habibullah Khan (Samarkand, June 3, 1872 - February 20, 1919) was the emir of Afghanistan between 1901 and 1919. He was born as the eldest son of Abdul Rahman Khan. He succeeded his father on the emir throne in 1901 based on the right of primogeniture. Habibullah introduced secular reforms in his country. He also supported the introduction of Western medical and technical innovations, which were opposed by the traditional tribal aristocracy. In 1904, he founded the Habibia Military Academy in Kabul. He tried to moderate the previous cruel punishments and tortures and make them humane. During the First World War, he insisted on the neutrality of his country, although the Ottoman Empire and the Germans encouraged him to go to war on the side of the Central Powers. After the end of the First World War, he wanted his country to take a place among the victorious powers at the Paris Peace Conference, but this was denied to him and his country by the British. Not long after the refusal, he was killed in his tent by unknown criminals during a hunting trip. After his death, his younger brother Nasrullah Khan declared himself emir, but he, Habibullah Khan's criminal son Amanullah Khan, was captured after a week of "reign" with the help of the court, the army and his mother. and imprisoned him.

Habibullah Khan was the king of Afghanistan from 1901 to 1919. During his reign, significant changes took place in the field of Afghan coinage. As part of the coinage program, Habibullah Khan minted coins bearing his name and reign. Traditional Afghan cultural elements also appeared on the coins. During his reign, the first Afghan banknotes were also introduced, which contain traditional Afghan motifs and his image. The introduction of Habibullah Khan's coinage led to the modernization of the Afghan financial system and the strengthening of the country's financial independence.